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 Ornament made
of gold, silver, copper, bronze, shell, faience, ivory, pottery, and beads
of semiprecious stones such as carnelian, lapislazuli, turquoise,
amethyst, gold, silver, etc. of various forms have been found at Hrappa,
Mohenjodaro, Kalibangan, Lothal, Ropar and other excavated sites belonging
to the Indus civilization.Indus Valley goldsmith knew how to make moulds for metal and terracotta ornaments besides making thin sheets of gold, mixing alloy of copper and silver with gold, soldering gold by applying interior molten metals. In order to make ornaments with spring designs, he made thin wires from gold and silver.  Out of the thin sheets of gold, silver and copper he decorated
the ornaments with designs in repousse technique which were usually done
with the help of hammering the thin sheets of metal. He also made
jewellery from sheell, coloured stones or faience.Gold jewellery from Mohenjodaro and Harappa consists of bracelets, necklaces, bangles, ear-originally threaded in several rows. The ends of such bracelets are endowed with spacers which are hollow and flattened in shape and each one of them has a performation through which the thread passes for tying on the wrist. Besides these ornamented wristlets, there  are
bangles made of plain gold pieces which are hollow inside. The necklace is composed of flat gold discoid and globular beads together with beads of onyx green feldspar, turquoise, matrix and terracotta. The gold beads were made of two circular flat pieces of gold which were soldered together. Each one of them is grooved across the centre in such a way that the grooves coincided to make the hole for threading.  Ear-rings consist of a simple coil of wire with the
ends slightly overlapping. Unfortunately we have only a few instances of
gold ear-rings. However, the other plastic art in terracotta shows that
various other ear-ornaments with different designs and shapes were also
known to the Harappans.A needle of gold found at Mohenjodaro testifies to the high craftsmanship of the goldsmiths of the Indus Valley. |
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